The national median elementary school teacher salary is $63,970 in 2026, according to the latest BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (May 2025 data). But the state you teach in matters enormously — a teacher in New York earns twice as much as one in Mississippi. Experience, degree level, and subject area also add or subtract thousands per year. Below is the complete 50-state breakdown plus every variable that moves the number.
Pay at a Glance (BLS Data)
Bureau of Labor Statistics wage estimates for elementary school teachers, except special education, across all industries:
| Percentile | Annual Wage | Hourly Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| 10th (entry level) | $47,960 | $23.06 |
| 25th | $57,710 | $27.75 |
| 50th (median) | $63,970 | $30.75 |
| 75th | $81,450 | $39.16 |
| 90th | $104,340 | $50.16 |
| Average (mean) | $72,650 | $34.93 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, for Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education (all industries). Hourly figures are annual wages divided by 2,080 hours. “Not published” means BLS withheld the estimate, usually because wages are above its top reporting limit.
Teacher Salary by State 2026 — All 50 States
| Rank | State | Avg Salary | Starting Salary | Median Salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Washington | $97,970 | $64,610 | $102,350 |
| 2 | California | $95,670 | $61,940 | $99,650 |
| 3 | District of Columbia | $93,910 | $63,950 | $96,580 |
| 4 | New York | $93,400 | $56,760 | $85,760 |
| 5 | Massachusetts | $88,720 | $60,620 | $94,000 |
| 6 | Connecticut | $83,380 | $58,870 | $80,600 |
| 7 | New Jersey | $82,120 | $61,840 | $78,200 |
| 8 | Maryland | $80,090 | $56,290 | $77,680 |
| 9 | Rhode Island | $79,660 | $45,070 | $90,930 |
| 10 | Alaska | $78,580 | $62,140 | $79,260 |
| 11 | Pennsylvania | $75,780 | $51,990 | $77,060 |
| 12 | Minnesota | $74,790 | $48,870 | $76,350 |
| 13 | Illinois | $74,630 | $47,040 | $75,320 |
| 14 | Oregon | $74,370 | $48,500 | $77,130 |
| 15 | Utah | $73,630 | $49,610 | $74,810 |
| 16 | Delaware | $73,230 | $50,330 | $75,920 |
| 17 | Ohio | $72,740 | $47,680 | $77,370 |
| 18 | New Mexico | $72,170 | $58,120 | $74,550 |
| 19 | Virginia | $71,540 | $49,770 | $65,550 |
| 20 | Georgia | $70,720 | $49,260 | $72,290 |
| 21 | Hawaii | $70,670 | $55,210 | $71,410 |
| 22 | Colorado | $70,110 | $48,410 | $63,410 |
| 23 | New Hampshire | $69,930 | $48,110 | $72,410 |
| 24 | Michigan | $69,000 | $47,670 | $65,110 |
| 25 | Vermont | $68,410 | $48,700 | $63,070 |
| 26 | Wisconsin | $65,960 | $48,610 | $61,210 |
| 27 | Maine | $65,930 | $46,570 | $62,390 |
| 28 | Nevada | $65,840 | $49,560 | $65,040 |
| 29 | Nebraska | $63,730 | $46,700 | $62,380 |
| 30 | Wyoming | $63,630 | $51,630 | $61,150 |
| 31 | South Carolina | $62,210 | $48,410 | $60,820 |
| 32 | Texas | $61,890 | $48,500 | $62,760 |
| 33 | Idaho | $60,940 | $45,940 | $61,600 |
| 34 | Indiana | $60,850 | $47,330 | $59,700 |
| 35 | Kentucky | $59,870 | $45,600 | $60,610 |
| 36 | Tennessee | $59,850 | $48,100 | $59,980 |
| 37 | Alabama | $59,590 | $47,750 | $61,380 |
| 38 | Florida | $59,530 | $48,680 | $58,930 |
| 39 | North Dakota | $59,140 | $46,530 | $60,030 |
| 40 | Iowa | $59,110 | $47,260 | $60,580 |
| 41 | Arizona | $58,920 | $43,370 | $56,590 |
| 42 | Louisiana | $58,170 | $46,680 | $58,770 |
| 43 | Montana | $58,150 | $38,160 | $57,530 |
| 44 | Kansas | $56,730 | $47,700 | $56,450 |
| 45 | Missouri | $56,730 | $39,980 | $50,910 |
| 46 | Arkansas | $56,210 | $49,380 | $52,700 |
| 47 | West Virginia | $54,890 | $48,080 | $55,630 |
| 48 | North Carolina | $54,070 | $45,570 | $54,930 |
| 49 | South Dakota | $52,680 | $47,120 | $50,130 |
| 50 | Oklahoma | $52,320 | $41,400 | $48,200 |
| 51 | Mississippi | $52,300 | $46,020 | $49,790 |
| — | National | $72,650 | $47,960 | $63,970 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, 2025 estimates, fetched 2026-09-29. Figures cover Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education (cross-industry). Some states are omitted where BLS did not publish a reliable estimate.
Teacher Salary by Grade Level
High school teachers earn more than elementary teachers on average, primarily because secondary credentials often require deeper subject expertise and districts compete more aggressively for STEM teachers.
| Level | National Average | Starting Salary | Top Salary (20+ years) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preschool | $38,000 | $28,000 | $52,000 |
| Elementary (K-5) | $61,000 | $42,000 | $82,000 |
| Middle School (6-8) | $62,500 | $43,000 | $84,000 |
| High School (9-12) | $63,500 | $44,000 | $86,000 |
| Special Education | $64,500 | $44,500 | $88,000 |
Teacher Salary by Subject (High School)
Subject-area shortages directly drive compensation. Math and science teachers are in chronic undersupply, which gives them more leverage in negotiations and makes them targets for district-funded incentive programs.
| Subject | Average Salary | Demand Level |
|---|---|---|
| STEM (Math/Science) | $67,000 | Very High |
| Special Education | $65,000 | Very High |
| Career/Technical Education | $64,000 | High |
| Foreign Language | $63,000 | Moderate |
| English/Language Arts | $62,000 | Moderate |
| Social Studies | $61,500 | Moderate |
| Physical Education | $60,500 | Moderate |
| Art/Music | $59,000 | Lower |
Teacher Salary by Experience
Most public school districts use a “step-and-lane” salary schedule: automatic annual raises (steps) for years of service, and column (lane) jumps for additional education. This makes salary advancement predictable but limits negotiation leverage for individual teachers.
| Years of Experience | Average Salary | % Increase from Start |
|---|---|---|
| 0–3 years | $44,000 | Baseline |
| 4–9 years | $52,000 | +18% |
| 10–14 years | $61,000 | +39% |
| 15–19 years | $67,000 | +52% |
| 20–24 years | $72,000 | +64% |
| 25+ years | $76,000 | +73% |
Teacher Salary by Degree Level
Earning a master’s degree is the most reliable salary lever available to most teachers. Many districts offer a $5,000–$10,000 permanent column jump the moment you complete a qualifying degree.
| Education Level | Average Salary | Premium |
|---|---|---|
| Bachelor’s degree | $57,000 | Baseline |
| Master’s degree | $65,000 | +14% |
| Master’s + 30 credits | $70,000 | +23% |
| Doctorate (Ed.D/Ph.D) | $75,000 | +32% |
| National Board Certified | +$5,000–$10,000 | Varies by state |
Teacher Salary vs. Cost of Living
A nominal salary comparison overstates the gap between high-paying and low-paying states. On a cost-of-living-adjusted basis, Pennsylvania and Illinois teachers have more purchasing power than California teachers despite earning $16,000–$21,000 less per year.
| State | Avg Salary | CoL Index | Adjusted Salary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania | $71,000 | 94 | $75,500 |
| Illinois | $72,000 | 97 | $74,200 |
| New York | $92,000 | 123 | $74,800 |
| Michigan | $68,000 | 95 | $71,600 |
| Ohio | $64,000 | 93 | $68,800 |
Teacher Unions and Salary
Union membership significantly affects teacher pay and job security. States with strong collective bargaining rights tend to have higher average salaries, better step schedules, and more robust benefits.
| Factor | Union State | Non-Union / RTW State |
|---|---|---|
| Avg teacher salary | ~$65,000 | ~$55,000 |
| Salary schedule transparency | Required | Optional |
| Strike rights | Generally yes | Restricted |
| Benefits quality | Stronger | Variable |
The NEA and AFT are the two major national teacher unions. About 53% of K-12 public school teachers are members of a union.
Teacher Benefits Beyond Salary
Total compensation for teachers is often considerably higher than the stated salary once pension and health benefits are included. The defined-benefit pension is particularly valuable — it guarantees a monthly income in retirement regardless of market performance.
| Benefit | Estimated Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Defined-benefit pension | $15,000–$30,000/yr | In retirement, varies by state |
| Health insurance | $8,000–$15,000/yr | Often heavily subsidized |
| Student loan forgiveness (PSLF) | Up to full balance | After 10 years at public school |
| Teacher Loan Forgiveness | Up to $17,500 | After 5 years at low-income school |
| Summer and holiday time | ~13 weeks/yr | Unpaid summer, paid breaks |
| Job security (tenure) | High | After 2–4 years in most states |
Teacher Pension vs. 403(b): Which Builds More Wealth?
Most public school teachers have access to both a defined benefit pension AND a 403(b) plan (the public sector equivalent of a 401(k)). Understanding how they work together is critical for retirement planning.
Defined Benefit Pension (Most Public Schools)
| Feature | Typical Public Teacher Pension |
|---|---|
| Contribution | 7-12% of salary (you) + employer match |
| Vesting | 5-10 years service |
| Benefit formula | 2-2.5% × years × final salary |
| 30-year teacher at $70k salary | $42,000-$52,500/year guaranteed for life |
| Social Security | 15 states exclude teachers from SS |
| Portability | Very limited; leave early = low payout |
403(b) Plan for Teachers
| Feature | Teacher 403(b) |
|---|---|
| 2026 contribution limit | $24,500 (under 50); $32,500 (50+) |
| Employer match | Varies by district (often none) |
| Investment options | Mutual funds, annuities |
| Portability | Fully portable |
| Best use | Supplement pension; bridge to age 55 |
Which States Exclude Teachers From Social Security?
15 states (including California, Ohio, Texas, Massachusetts, and Illinois) have their own pension systems instead of Social Security. In these states:
- You don’t pay Social Security taxes — but you don’t earn credits
- A substantial pension replaces what Social Security would have paid
- The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) reduces Social Security if you also worked other jobs
- The Government Pension Offset (GPO) reduces spousal Social Security benefits
15 States Excluding Teachers From Social Security
Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio, Rhode Island, Texas — if you teach in these states, you won’t earn Social Security credits for that work. Your pension must serve as your primary retirement income source, making the pension system’s health and your vesting status critically important to your financial plan.
For teachers in these 15 states, the pension is both more generous AND your sole retirement security — making vesting timeline and benefit formula critical factors in choosing where to teach.
How to Increase Teacher Salary
| Strategy | Potential Annual Increase |
|---|---|
| Earn a master’s degree | +$5,000–$15,000 |
| National Board Certification | +$5,000–$10,000 |
| Relocate to a higher-paying state | Large gains possible (see the state table) |
| Move to a higher-paying district | Often a meaningful raise |
| Teach in-demand subjects (STEM, SpEd) | +$2,000–$8,000 |
| Coaching/extracurricular stipends | +$2,000–$10,000 |
| Summer school teaching | +$3,000–$8,000 |
| Curriculum or instructional design | +$1,000–$5,000 |
| Administrative certification (principal) | Path to $80K–$150K+ |
Teacher Shortage Areas
High-demand positions frequently come with signing bonuses, loan forgiveness top-ups, or district-funded tuition assistance for those willing to fill the gap.
- Special Education — nationwide shortage in virtually every state
- Mathematics — persistent shortage, especially secondary algebra and statistics
- Science — physics and chemistry most acute
- Bilingual/ESL — growing demand in high-immigration areas
- Rural districts — many offer housing stipends and relocation bonuses
The $250 Teacher Classroom Supply Deduction
Teachers who buy classroom supplies out-of-pocket can deduct up to $300 per educator ($600 for married educators who both teach) directly from income — not just as an itemized deduction. This above-the-line deduction is available even if you take the standard deduction. Eligible expenses include books, supplies, computer equipment, and COVID-19 protective items.
Teaching Salary Reality Check
| Hidden Cost | Annual Estimate | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Out-of-pocket classroom supplies | $500–$1,000 | $250 is federally deductible |
| Unpaid work hours | 10–20 hrs/week | Planning, grading, parent comms |
| Required graduate coursework | $10,000–$30,000 total | Spread over 5–8 years |
| Professional development | $0–$500 | Sometimes district-covered |
Related: Average Teacher Salary | Income Percentile Calculator | Side Income Ideas for Teachers
How Much Do Professors Make in 2026? (Salary by Rank & Field)
Quick answer: Average professor salaries: Full professor $140,000, Associate $100,000, Assistant $85,000. Field matters enormously: business/law/medicine professors earn $200,000-$400,000+, while humanities professors earn $70,000-$120,000. Adjuncts make just $3,500/course. Path takes 10-15 years (PhD + postdoc).
Professors earn $60,000-$250,000+ depending on rank, field, and institution — with massive variation between humanities and business/STEM fields.
Average Professor Salary in 2026
| Rank | Average Salary | Typical Range |
|---|---|---|
| Full Professor | $140,000 | $100,000-$300,000+ |
| Associate Professor | $100,000 | $75,000-$150,000 |
| Assistant Professor | $85,000 | $60,000-$120,000 |
| Lecturer/Instructor | $58,000 | $40,000-$80,000 |
| Adjunct (per course) | $3,500 | $1,500-$7,000 |
Professor Salary by Field
Highest-Paying Fields
| Field | Full Professor | Assistant Professor |
|---|---|---|
| Law | $200,000 | $130,000 |
| Business/MBA | $190,000 | $145,000 |
| Medicine | $250,000 | $150,000 |
| Engineering | $160,000 | $110,000 |
| Computer Science | $175,000 | $130,000 |
| Economics | $165,000 | $115,000 |
| Finance | $210,000 | $170,000 |
Mid-Range Fields
| Field | Full Professor | Assistant Professor |
|---|---|---|
| Nursing | $115,000 | $85,000 |
| Chemistry | $125,000 | $85,000 |
| Biology | $120,000 | $80,000 |
| Psychology | $110,000 | $75,000 |
| Political Science | $115,000 | $75,000 |
| Physics | $130,000 | $90,000 |
| Mathematics | $120,000 | $85,000 |
Lower-Paying Fields
| Field | Full Professor | Assistant Professor |
|---|---|---|
| English | $95,000 | $65,000 |
| History | $100,000 | $68,000 |
| Philosophy | $98,000 | $65,000 |
| Art | $90,000 | $60,000 |
| Music | $95,000 | $62,000 |
| Sociology | $105,000 | $70,000 |
| Religious Studies | $90,000 | $60,000 |
Finance and accounting professors at top business schools can earn $300,000-$500,000+.
Professor Salary by Institution Type
| Institution Type | Full Professor | Assistant Professor |
|---|---|---|
| Elite Private (Ivy+) | $200,000+ | $110,000+ |
| R1 Research University | $150,000 | $95,000 |
| R2 Research University | $120,000 | $80,000 |
| Liberal Arts College | $115,000 | $75,000 |
| Master’s-Granting | $100,000 | $70,000 |
| Community College | $75,000 | $55,000 |
Professor Salary by State
| State | Full Professor | vs. National |
|---|---|---|
| California | $175,000 | +25% |
| New York | $165,000 | +18% |
| Massachusetts | $160,000 | +14% |
| New Jersey | $155,000 | +11% |
| Connecticut | $150,000 | +7% |
| Texas | $140,000 | 0% |
| Illinois | $138,000 | -1% |
| Florida | $125,000 | -11% |
| Ohio | $120,000 | -14% |
| Mississippi | $100,000 | -29% |
Cost of living significantly affects real purchasing power.
The Adjunct Crisis
| Factor | Full-Time Faculty | Adjunct |
|---|---|---|
| Per-course pay | N/A | $3,500 avg |
| Annual income (full load) | $85,000+ | $25,000-$40,000 |
| Benefits | Yes | Rarely |
| Job security | Tenure possible | Semester-to-semester |
| % of faculty | 30% | 50%+ |
Over half of college courses are now taught by adjuncts or contingent faculty.
Path to Becoming a Professor
| Stage | Duration | Income |
|---|---|---|
| Bachelor’s degree | 4 years | $0 (debt) |
| PhD program | 5-7 years | $25,000-$35,000 stipend |
| Postdoc (some fields) | 1-4 years | $50,000-$65,000 |
| Assistant Professor | 6-7 years | $70,000-$120,000 |
| Tenure decision | — | Up or out |
| Associate Professor | 5-10 years | $90,000-$150,000 |
| Full Professor | Career | $120,000-$300,000+ |
Total training: 10-15+ years before tenure-track job
Tenure Track Reality
| Factor | Assessment |
|---|---|
| PhD graduates per tenure-track opening | 10:1 or worse (humanities) |
| Time to tenure | 6-7 years |
| Tenure success rate | 60-80% |
| Post-tenure raises | Modest |
| Geographic mobility required | High |
Many PhDs never secure tenure-track positions.
Professor Work Schedule
| Factor | Typical |
|---|---|
| Teaching load | 2-4 courses/semester |
| Office hours | 3-6 hours/week |
| Research expectations | Significant |
| Committee work | Required |
| Summer “off” | Often research time |
| Vacation | Flexible but research-driven |
Professor Salary After Taxes
| Gross Salary | Federal Income Tax | Social Security + Medicare | Take-Home Before State Tax | Monthly |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $85,000 | $9,870 | $6,502 | $68,628 | $5,719 |
| $140,000 | $22,334 | $10,710 | $106,956 | $8,913 |
| $200,000 | $36,734 | $14,339 | $148,927 | $12,411 |
2026 federal income tax for a single filer taking the standard deduction ($16,100), plus Social Security and Medicare. Not included: state and local income tax, retirement contributions and other pre-tax deductions. For your own situation, use the take-home pay calculator.
Additional Income Opportunities
| Source | Potential |
|---|---|
| Consulting | $100-$1,000/hour |
| Summer teaching | $5,000-$15,000 |
| Textbook royalties | Variable |
| Expert witness | $200-$1,000/hour |
| Speaking fees | $1,000-$50,000 |
| Grants (summer salary) | $10,000-$30,000 |
Business and law professors often earn significant consulting income.
PhD to Professor: Financial Reality
| Field | PhD Time | Postdoc? | First TT Salary | Age at TT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humanities | 7 years | No | $65,000 | 33 |
| Social Sciences | 6 years | Sometimes | $80,000 | 32 |
| STEM | 5 years | Yes (2-4 yrs) | $95,000 | 32 |
| Business | 5 years | No | $160,000 | 31 |
Career Earnings: Professor vs. Industry
| Career Path | 30-Year Earnings |
|---|---|
| English Professor | $3.5M |
| CS Professor | $5.5M |
| Business Professor | $7M |
| Tech Industry (CS) | $7M |
| Finance Industry | $10M+ |
| Law Partner | $15M+ |
Academia trades income for autonomy and intellectual freedom.
Tips for Maximizing Academic Income
- Choose field strategically — Business/law/CS pay 2-3x humanities
- Target R1 or elite institutions — Pay significantly more
- Consulting/expert witness — Can double income for some fields
- Summer grants — Fund summer salary through research
- Negotiate startup — Initial offer often negotiable
- Move institutions — Counter-offers drive raises
Related Articles
- How Much Do Teachers Make?
- Is $100k a Good Salary?
- How Much Do Lawyers Make?
Data sources: AAUP Faculty Compensation Survey, Chronicle of Higher Education, College and University Professional Association. Updated March 2026.
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See every profession in our salary by profession guides.
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2024.” bls.gov/oes
Common questions
What is the average professor salary?
The average full professor salary is $140,000, associate professor is $100,000, and assistant professor is $85,000. Salaries vary significantly by field and institution type.
Do professors make good money?
It depends on the field. Business, law, and medical professors can earn $200,000-$400,000+, while humanities professors often earn $70,000-$120,000.
How long does it take to become a professor?
10-15 years typically: 4 years undergrad, 5-7 years PhD, 2-4 years postdoc/adjunct, then tenure-track position. Many never achieve tenure.
How Much Do School Principals Make in 2026? (Salary by State & Level)
Quick answer: The average school principal salary is $103,000/year. Elementary principals average $98,000, middle school $101,000, and high school $110,000. Top-paying states (NY, CA, NJ) pay $135,000-$145,000. Wealthy suburban districts pay up to $165,000. Principals work year-round (~250 days) vs. teachers (~185 days).
School principals earn $85,000-$150,000+ per year, with compensation varying significantly by state, school level, and district wealth.
Pay at a Glance (BLS Data)
Bureau of Labor Statistics wage estimates for education administrators, kindergarten through secondary, across all industries:
| Percentile | Annual Wage | Hourly Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| 10th (entry level) | $76,280 | $36.67 |
| 25th | $86,040 | $41.37 |
| 50th (median) | $105,870 | $50.90 |
| 75th | $134,630 | $64.73 |
| 90th | $167,770 | $80.66 |
| Average (mean) | $116,100 | $55.82 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, for Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary (all industries). Hourly figures are annual wages divided by 2,080 hours. “Not published” means BLS withheld the estimate, usually because wages are above its top reporting limit.
Average Principal Salary in 2026
| School Level | Average Salary | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Elementary School | $98,000 | $75,000-$130,000 |
| Middle School | $101,000 | $80,000-$140,000 |
| High School | $110,000 | $90,000-$165,000 |
| All Principals | $103,000 | $75,000-$165,000 |
High school principals earn more due to larger student populations and operational complexity.
Principal Salary by State
| Rank | State | Avg Salary | Starting Salary | Median Salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Washington | $160,570 | $111,830 | $166,590 |
| 2 | California | $152,480 | $103,250 | $159,950 |
| 3 | Connecticut | $148,040 | $86,840 | $156,240 |
| 4 | New Jersey | $145,910 | $103,030 | $137,440 |
| 5 | New York | $143,470 | $87,100 | $138,830 |
| 6 | District of Columbia | $140,030 | $100,350 | $137,470 |
| 7 | Maryland | $131,220 | $81,060 | $131,510 |
| 8 | Delaware | $130,130 | $101,350 | $132,710 |
| 9 | Oregon | $126,970 | $76,240 | $130,050 |
| 10 | Massachusetts | $126,350 | $81,640 | $128,430 |
| 11 | Hawaii | $125,280 | $85,880 | $126,760 |
| 12 | Utah | $125,180 | $79,220 | $128,880 |
| 13 | Minnesota | $121,780 | $78,570 | $127,000 |
| 14 | Alaska | $121,280 | $102,930 | $125,520 |
| 15 | Illinois | $118,420 | $78,070 | $113,360 |
| 16 | Rhode Island | $118,150 | $80,530 | $119,980 |
| 17 | Pennsylvania | $117,970 | $78,490 | $118,710 |
| 18 | Colorado | $117,650 | $81,340 | $110,530 |
| 19 | Nebraska | $116,560 | $85,370 | $110,580 |
| 20 | Virginia | $115,800 | $78,300 | $106,100 |
| 21 | Wisconsin | $114,890 | $82,010 | $117,010 |
| 22 | North Dakota | $112,960 | $81,010 | $107,940 |
| 23 | Iowa | $112,820 | $77,350 | $104,260 |
| 24 | New Mexico | $112,330 | $83,860 | $107,720 |
| 25 | Vermont | $107,740 | $76,900 | $105,350 |
| 26 | Georgia | $107,710 | $81,440 | $103,360 |
| 27 | Nevada | $107,670 | $62,980 | $109,420 |
| 28 | Michigan | $107,240 | $77,340 | $104,020 |
| 29 | New Hampshire | $107,060 | $80,220 | $104,910 |
| 30 | Wyoming | $106,210 | $85,510 | $105,480 |
| 31 | Maine | $105,550 | $79,850 | $102,890 |
| 32 | South Carolina | $105,080 | $75,810 | $102,440 |
| 33 | Missouri | $103,640 | $74,570 | $100,400 |
| 34 | Idaho | $101,420 | $76,290 | $101,090 |
| 35 | Tennessee | $100,580 | $70,960 | $97,590 |
| 36 | Indiana | $100,420 | $66,440 | $98,770 |
| 37 | Kentucky | $100,190 | $75,270 | $99,920 |
| 38 | Ohio | $99,990 | $62,160 | $99,590 |
| 39 | Kansas | $98,480 | $77,520 | $100,530 |
| 40 | Florida | $97,750 | $61,030 | $96,490 |
| 41 | Montana | $97,130 | $63,960 | $95,700 |
| 42 | Alabama | $96,800 | $76,150 | $97,480 |
| 43 | Arizona | $96,790 | $62,690 | $97,480 |
| 44 | Texas | $96,510 | $72,230 | $93,910 |
| 45 | Oklahoma | $92,320 | $62,300 | $86,630 |
| 46 | South Dakota | $91,960 | $74,770 | $88,390 |
| 47 | North Carolina | $90,740 | $63,240 | $83,180 |
| 48 | Arkansas | $90,510 | $68,090 | $86,330 |
| 49 | Louisiana | $89,440 | $63,470 | $83,360 |
| 50 | Mississippi | $87,000 | $65,400 | $82,800 |
| 51 | West Virginia | $81,700 | $57,740 | $80,650 |
| — | National | $116,100 | $76,280 | $105,870 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, 2025 estimates, fetched 2026-09-29. Figures cover Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary (cross-industry). Some states are omitted where BLS did not publish a reliable estimate. Northeastern states and California pay significantly more.
Principal Salary by District Type
| District Type | Notes |
|---|---|
| Wealthy Suburban | Top compensation |
| Urban Large District | High cost of living |
| Mid-Size Suburban | Average |
| Rural | Lower but also lower COL |
| Charter School | Variable |
| Private School | Wide range |
Principal vs. Teacher Salary
| Position | Average Salary | Work Calendar | Contract Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teacher | $66,000 | 180-190 days | School year |
| Principal | $103,000 | 230-261 days | Year-round |
Hourly comparison:
- Teacher: ~$43/hour (based on contract days)
- Principal: ~$50/hour (based on contract days)
Principals work longer hours and year-round but the hourly premium is modest.
Path to Becoming a Principal
| Stage | Duration | Salary |
|---|---|---|
| Bachelor’s + teaching cert | 4 years | — |
| Teaching experience | 3-5 years | $45,000-$65,000 |
| Master’s in Ed Leadership | 2 years | While teaching |
| Admin certification | Varies | While teaching |
| Assistant Principal | 2-5 years | $75,000-$100,000 |
| Principal | Career | $90,000-$150,000+ |
Typical timeline: 8-12 years from starting teaching to principalship.
Assistant Principal Salary
| School Level | Average Salary |
|---|---|
| Elementary AP | $80,000 |
| Middle School AP | $85,000 |
| High School AP | $92,000 |
| All APs | $85,000 |
Assistant principals earn less than principals at the same school level.
Principal Work Schedule
| Factor | Typical |
|---|---|
| Contract days | 230-261 |
| Hours per day | 9-11 |
| Evening events | 1-3 per week |
| Summer work | Significant |
| Stress level | High |
| Burnout rate | 18% leave within 3 years |
Principals face significant work-life balance challenges.
Principal Salary After Taxes
| Gross Salary | Federal Income Tax | Social Security + Medicare | Take-Home Before State Tax | Monthly |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $90,000 | $10,970 | $6,885 | $72,145 | $6,012 |
| $116,100 | $16,712 | $8,882 | $90,506 | $7,542 |
| $140,000 | $22,334 | $10,710 | $106,956 | $8,913 |
2026 federal income tax for a single filer taking the standard deduction ($16,100), plus Social Security and Medicare. Not included: state and local income tax, retirement contributions and other pre-tax deductions. For your own situation, use the take-home pay calculator.
Principal Benefits Package
| Benefit | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Health insurance | $15,000-$25,000/year |
| Pension contribution | 10-15% of salary |
| Life insurance | $50,000+ |
| Disability insurance | Included |
| Professional development | $2,000-$5,000 |
| Tuition reimbursement | Often available |
Public school principals typically have strong benefits packages.
Superintendent Salary (Next Step)
| District Size | Superintendent Salary |
|---|---|
| Small (< 3,000 students) | $120,000-$160,000 |
| Medium (3,000-10,000) | $160,000-$220,000 |
| Large (10,000-50,000) | $220,000-$350,000 |
| Very Large (50,000+) | $300,000-$400,000+ |
Superintendents in major urban districts can earn $400,000+.
Principal Job Outlook
| Factor | Assessment |
|---|---|
| Job growth (2025-2035) | -0.3% |
| Turnover rate | High (principal shortage) |
| Retirement wave | Accelerating |
| Competition | Moderate (qualified candidates) |
| Geographic mobility | Helps significantly |
Many districts struggle to fill principal positions.
Career Earnings: Teacher vs. Principal
| Career Path | 30-Year Earnings |
|---|---|
| Teacher (no advancement) | $2.3M |
| Teacher → Principal at year 10 | $3.1M |
| Teacher → Principal → Superintendent | $4.0M |
Challenges of Being a Principal
| Challenge | Impact |
|---|---|
| Political pressure | Parents, board, community |
| Teacher management | Hiring, firing, evaluations |
| Student discipline | Daily responsibility |
| Budget constraints | Doing more with less |
| Testing/accountability | High stakes |
| Work-life balance | Significant sacrifice |
Tips for Maximizing Principal Salary
- Target wealthy districts — Pay varies dramatically by property tax base
- Consider high school — Usually pays more than elementary
- Doctorate (Ed.D.) — Can add $5,000-$15,000 to salary
- Urban districts — Often pay more due to difficulty recruiting
- Negotiate contract — Years of experience, extra duties
- Move to higher-paying states — high-paying states such as New York, California and New Jersey pay considerably more
Related Articles
- How Much Do Teachers Make?
- How Much Do School Counselors Make?
- Is $100k a Good Salary?
Data sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Center for Education Statistics, Education Week. Updated March 2026.
Related Salary Guides
- Special Education Teacher salary
- Substitute Teacher salary
- School Counselor salary
- Professor salary
See every profession in our salary by profession guides.
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2024.” bls.gov/oes
- Social Security Administration. “Benefits and Eligibility Information.” ssa.gov/benefits
Common questions
What is the average principal salary?
The average school principal salary in the US is $103,000 per year. Elementary principals average $98,000, middle school $101,000, and high school $110,000.
Do principals make more than teachers?
Yes, significantly. Principals average $103,000 while teachers average $66,000. However, principals work year-round and have much more responsibility.
How do you become a school principal?
Typically: teaching experience (3-5 years), master’s degree in educational leadership, administrative certification, then assistant principal role before principal.
How Much Do Substitute Teachers Make in 2026? (Daily & Annual Pay)
Substitute teachers earn $80-$200 per day, making it a flexible job that rarely provides full-time income or benefits.
Pay at a Glance (BLS Data)
Bureau of Labor Statistics wage estimates for substitute teachers, short-term, across all industries:
| Percentile | Annual Wage | Hourly Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| 10th (entry level) | $28,560 | $13.73 |
| 25th | $34,170 | $16.43 |
| 50th (median) | $41,670 | $20.03 |
| 75th | $54,890 | $26.39 |
| 90th | $65,790 | $31.63 |
| Average (mean) | $46,420 | $22.32 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, for Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (all industries). Hourly figures are annual wages divided by 2,080 hours. “Not published” means BLS withheld the estimate, usually because wages are above its top reporting limit.
Average Substitute Teacher Pay in 2026
| Sub Type | Daily Rate | Annual (Full Schedule) |
|---|---|---|
| Short-term sub (uncertified) | $90-$120 | $15,000-$20,000 |
| Short-term sub (certified) | $110-$150 | $18,000-$26,000 |
| Long-term sub | $150-$200 | $25,000-$35,000 |
| Permanent sub (building) | $160-$200 | $27,000-$35,000 |
Note: Most subs don’t work every available day.
Substitute Teacher Pay by State
| Rank | State | Avg Salary | Starting Salary | Median Salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alaska | $73,070 | $38,250 | $66,920 |
| 2 | California | $62,910 | $39,040 | $60,300 |
| 3 | Oregon | $61,100 | $54,870 | $58,280 |
| 4 | Washington | $56,480 | $45,790 | $55,740 |
| 5 | Hawaii | $54,690 | $45,690 | $58,530 |
| 6 | West Virginia | $54,010 | $41,440 | $49,020 |
| 7 | Minnesota | $53,890 | $37,750 | $50,390 |
| 8 | Nebraska | $51,590 | $28,080 | $37,690 |
| 9 | District of Columbia | $49,550 | $46,450 | $49,790 |
| 10 | Rhode Island | $48,630 | $36,410 | $45,590 |
| 11 | New York | $47,760 | $35,090 | $43,490 |
| 12 | Wisconsin | $47,660 | $35,740 | $43,950 |
| 13 | Massachusetts | $45,830 | $33,590 | $41,350 |
| 14 | Connecticut | $45,200 | $35,050 | $38,460 |
| 15 | Pennsylvania | $44,920 | $30,470 | $44,870 |
| 16 | New Jersey | $44,570 | $34,170 | $43,780 |
| 17 | Michigan | $44,350 | $29,720 | $39,500 |
| 18 | Maryland | $44,000 | $32,870 | $46,470 |
| 19 | Illinois | $43,430 | $31,200 | $39,410 |
| 20 | North Dakota | $42,760 | $33,780 | $42,570 |
| 21 | Vermont | $42,690 | $31,470 | $38,200 |
| 22 | Arizona | $41,780 | $31,170 | $38,500 |
| 23 | Florida | $41,530 | $30,300 | $37,080 |
| 24 | Virginia | $40,900 | $27,670 | $39,020 |
| 25 | Utah | $40,210 | $24,710 | $36,490 |
| 26 | Delaware | $40,040 | $31,200 | $36,510 |
| 27 | South Carolina | $39,860 | $22,460 | $30,400 |
| 28 | Maine | $39,760 | $31,110 | $37,440 |
| 29 | Indiana | $39,480 | $28,540 | $36,360 |
| 30 | Missouri | $39,250 | $29,220 | $34,790 |
| 31 | Iowa | $39,200 | $30,980 | $37,230 |
| 32 | Arkansas | $39,080 | $24,440 | $29,230 |
| 33 | New Hampshire | $38,630 | $28,870 | $34,990 |
| 34 | Wyoming | $38,080 | $30,600 | $36,990 |
| 35 | Ohio | $37,830 | $28,480 | $37,150 |
| 36 | Kentucky | $37,430 | $24,120 | $29,730 |
| 37 | Kansas | $37,140 | $28,980 | $36,190 |
| 38 | New Mexico | $36,840 | $30,170 | $36,400 |
| 39 | Georgia | $36,240 | $20,800 | $38,870 |
| 40 | Idaho | $36,240 | $29,110 | $34,080 |
| 41 | North Carolina | $35,220 | $28,390 | $33,780 |
| 42 | Texas | $32,760 | $22,870 | $32,040 |
| 43 | Louisiana | $32,630 | $20,730 | $27,370 |
| 44 | Tennessee | $31,740 | $21,570 | $29,500 |
| 45 | Nevada | $31,550 | $24,960 | $24,960 |
| 46 | Montana | $30,060 | $22,930 | $28,050 |
| 47 | South Dakota | $29,220 | $25,560 | $27,840 |
| 48 | Oklahoma | $28,660 | $18,300 | $23,770 |
| 49 | Alabama | $25,660 | $18,170 | $25,340 |
| 50 | Mississippi | $25,610 | $16,430 | $22,340 |
| — | National | $46,420 | $28,560 | $41,670 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, 2025 estimates, fetched 2026-09-29. Figures cover Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (cross-industry). Some states are omitted where BLS did not publish a reliable estimate.
Certified vs. Uncertified Sub Pay
| Certification | Daily Rate Premium |
|---|---|
| Uncertified (minimum requirement) | Base rate |
| Bachelor’s degree | +$10-$20/day |
| Teaching certificate | +$20-$40/day |
| Subject-specific certification | +$30-$50/day |
Requirements vary by state — some require only a high school diploma, others require bachelor’s degree or certification.
Long-Term Substitute Pay
Long-term subs (filling in for extended absences) earn significantly more:
| Duration | Notes |
|---|---|
| Day-to-day | Base sub rate |
| Long-term (10+ days same role) | Higher rate kicks in |
| Long-term (30+ days) | Some get full teacher pay |
| Full year coverage | Benefits possible |
Substitute Teacher Annual Income Reality
| Scenario | Days Worked | Annual Income |
|---|---|---|
| Occasional (2 days/week) | 70 | $8,400-$11,200 |
| Regular (3 days/week) | 105 | $12,600-$16,800 |
| Frequent (4 days/week) | 140 | $16,800-$22,400 |
| Maximum (every day) | 175 | $21,000-$28,000 |
Most subs work 2-3 days per week on average.
How to Calculate Your Potential Income
Formula: Daily Rate × Days Worked = Annual Income
Example (California certified sub working 3 days/week):
- Daily rate: $180
- Weeks available: 36 (school year)
- Days: 36 × 3 = 108 days
- Annual income: $19,440
Benefits Situation
| Benefit | Availability |
|---|---|
| Health insurance | Rarely (long-term only) |
| Retirement pension | Usually no |
| Paid time off | No |
| Sick leave | Some states require |
| Unemployment | Varies by state |
Affordable Care Act: Subs working 30+ hours may qualify for employer coverage.
Requirements to Become a Substitute Teacher
| Requirement | Varies By |
|---|---|
| Minimum education | High school to Bachelor’s |
| Background check | Universal |
| Fingerprinting | Most states |
| Training | 0-40 hours |
| Teaching certificate | Some states/districts |
Easiest states to qualify: Arizona, Missouri, Kentucky (high school diploma + training) Strictest states: New York, California, New Jersey (often require bachelor’s or certification)
Best Districts for Substitute Teaching
| Factor | What to Look For |
|---|---|
| Daily rate | $150+/day certified |
| Work availability | Large district = more days |
| Benefits | Some districts offer for 4+ days/week |
| Long-term opportunities | Higher pay, more stability |
| Signing through agency vs. district | District usually pays more |
Substitute Teaching Agencies
| Agency Type | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Direct district hire | Higher pay, benefits possible | Less flexibility |
| Staffing agency (Kelly, ESS) | Easy to start, multiple districts | Lower pay (agency takes cut) |
Agency-placed subs typically earn 10-20% less than district-hired subs.
Substitute Teaching as Stepping Stone
| Goal | Sub Experience Helps? |
|---|---|
| Full-time teaching job | Yes — networking, experience |
| Deciding if teaching is right | Yes — low commitment trial |
| Supplementing retirement | Yes — flexible schedule |
| Graduate student income | Yes — fits around classes |
| Stay-at-home parent income | Yes — school hours, flexible days |
Substitute Teacher Pay After Taxes
| Gross Salary | Federal Income Tax | Social Security + Medicare | Take-Home Before State Tax | Monthly |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $18,000 | $190 | $1,377 | $16,433 | $1,369 |
| $23,400 | $730 | $1,790 | $20,880 | $1,740 |
| $32,400 | $1,708 | $2,479 | $28,213 | $2,351 |
2026 federal income tax for a single filer taking the standard deduction ($16,100), plus Social Security and Medicare. Not included: state and local income tax, retirement contributions and other pre-tax deductions. For your own situation, use the take-home pay calculator.
Rows assume 180 working days a year at $100, $130 and $180 a day. Most substitutes work fewer days. Self-employment note: Some subs are 1099 contractors and must pay self-employment tax (15.3%).
Job Outlook for Substitutes
| Factor | Assessment |
|---|---|
| Demand | Very high (teacher shortages) |
| Post-COVID impact | Increased demand |
| Competition | Low in most areas |
| Availability | Consistent (school year) |
Many districts struggle to fill substitute positions.
Tips for Maximizing Substitute Teacher Income
- Get certified — $20-$50/day more
- Work in highest-paying districts — Research pay rates before signing up
- Be reliable — Regular subs get more requests
- Seek long-term assignments — Higher daily rate
- Sign up with multiple districts — More days available
- Consider permanent building sub — Consistent income, better relationships
- Avoid agencies if possible — Direct hire pays more
Related Articles
- How Much Do Teachers Make?
- Is $30k a Good Salary?
- How Much Do School Principals Make?
Data sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Substitute Teachers Alliance, state education department data. Updated March 2026.
Related Salary Guides
- Teacher salary
- Teacher (by state) salary
- Special Education Teacher salary
- School Principal salary
See every profession in our salary by profession guides.
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2024.” bls.gov/oes
- Social Security Administration. “Benefits and Eligibility Information.” ssa.gov/benefits
Common questions
How much do substitute teachers make per day?
Substitute teachers earn $80-$200 per day depending on state, certification, and district. Long-term subs earn $150-$250+ per day.
Can you make a living as a substitute teacher?
It’s difficult. Working every available day (150-180 days) yields $15,000-$35,000 annually. Most subs work part-time or supplement other income.
Do substitute teachers get benefits?
Rarely. Most subs are not eligible for health insurance or retirement benefits. Some districts offer benefits to long-term subs or those working 30+ hours/week.
How Much Do School Counselors Make in 2026? (Salary by State & Setting)
Quick answer: the median pay for educational, guidance and career counselors is $64,330 (BLS, May 2025), about the same as elementary teachers ($63,970) despite usually requiring a master’s degree. High school counselors earn more (~$65,000) than elementary (~$58,000). Top states: California $88,000, New York $85,000, New Jersey $82,000.
School counselors earn $50,000-$85,000+ per year, with compensation varying by state, school level, and years of experience.
Pay at a Glance (BLS Data)
Bureau of Labor Statistics wage estimates for educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors, across all industries:
| Percentile | Annual Wage | Hourly Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| 10th (entry level) | $45,020 | $21.64 |
| 25th | $51,270 | $24.65 |
| 50th (median) | $64,330 | $30.93 |
| 75th | $82,870 | $39.84 |
| 90th | $104,770 | $50.37 |
| Average (mean) | $71,430 | $34.34 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, for Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors (all industries). Hourly figures are annual wages divided by 2,080 hours. “Not published” means BLS withheld the estimate, usually because wages are above its top reporting limit.
Average School Counselor Salary in 2026
| School Level | Average Salary | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Elementary School | $58,000 | $45,000-$75,000 |
| Middle School | $62,000 | $48,000-$80,000 |
| High School | $65,000 | $50,000-$90,000 |
| All School Counselors | $62,000 | $45,000-$90,000 |
School Counselor Salary by State
| Rank | State | Avg Salary | Starting Salary | Median Salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | California | $93,610 | $51,890 | $86,500 |
| 2 | Washington | $87,680 | $57,980 | $82,670 |
| 3 | Massachusetts | $85,660 | $59,460 | $79,930 |
| 4 | District of Columbia | $82,700 | $50,900 | $80,470 |
| 5 | New Jersey | $81,430 | $57,850 | $77,910 |
| 6 | Alaska | $79,910 | $50,870 | $82,900 |
| 7 | Maryland | $78,920 | $48,460 | $75,820 |
| 8 | New York | $77,210 | $46,100 | $71,610 |
| 9 | Oregon | $77,070 | $50,190 | $66,690 |
| 10 | Connecticut | $75,730 | $46,510 | $73,910 |
| 11 | Rhode Island | $75,730 | $49,100 | $75,000 |
| 12 | New Mexico | $75,480 | $46,660 | $77,880 |
| 13 | Delaware | $72,490 | $47,750 | $74,070 |
| 14 | Virginia | $71,920 | $45,700 | $67,660 |
| 15 | New Hampshire | $71,400 | $47,990 | $71,080 |
| 16 | Illinois | $70,230 | $44,890 | $62,420 |
| 17 | Texas | $69,940 | $42,380 | $67,900 |
| 18 | Colorado | $69,470 | $48,690 | $64,780 |
| 19 | Minnesota | $69,080 | $47,870 | $64,600 |
| 20 | Nevada | $68,740 | $46,570 | $66,710 |
| 21 | Hawaii | $68,650 | $49,350 | $61,730 |
| 22 | Nebraska | $68,570 | $45,050 | $62,500 |
| 23 | Georgia | $68,410 | $42,040 | $63,720 |
| 24 | Vermont | $68,260 | $50,810 | $64,570 |
| 25 | Wyoming | $67,580 | $49,440 | $63,430 |
| 26 | Ohio | $67,200 | $43,010 | $61,760 |
| 27 | Pennsylvania | $67,110 | $46,200 | $60,880 |
| 28 | Utah | $66,970 | $37,260 | $61,320 |
| 29 | Wisconsin | $66,440 | $47,470 | $62,690 |
| 30 | Kentucky | $65,740 | $40,840 | $64,350 |
| 31 | Louisiana | $63,910 | $45,340 | $61,870 |
| 32 | Montana | $63,130 | $39,180 | $57,900 |
| 33 | Michigan | $62,900 | $42,380 | $59,440 |
| 34 | Idaho | $62,800 | $46,710 | $60,320 |
| 35 | South Carolina | $62,000 | $39,800 | $60,340 |
| 36 | North Dakota | $61,790 | $46,860 | $58,960 |
| 37 | Arizona | $61,270 | $46,400 | $58,250 |
| 38 | Maine | $61,230 | $45,300 | $58,630 |
| 39 | Tennessee | $61,020 | $42,410 | $59,960 |
| 40 | Indiana | $61,000 | $41,180 | $59,260 |
| 41 | Alabama | $59,540 | $37,670 | $59,570 |
| 42 | Arkansas | $59,370 | $38,520 | $59,770 |
| 43 | Missouri | $59,160 | $41,890 | $58,040 |
| 44 | Kansas | $58,560 | $42,020 | $56,590 |
| 45 | Florida | $58,380 | $38,290 | $53,140 |
| 46 | Iowa | $58,190 | $43,470 | $56,540 |
| 47 | Mississippi | $57,380 | $38,580 | $58,710 |
| 48 | Oklahoma | $56,830 | $38,100 | $52,040 |
| 49 | North Carolina | $56,710 | $40,400 | $57,630 |
| 50 | West Virginia | $55,100 | $37,940 | $55,520 |
| 51 | South Dakota | $53,980 | $41,560 | $51,830 |
| — | National | $71,430 | $45,020 | $64,330 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, 2025 estimates, fetched 2026-09-29. Figures cover Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors (cross-industry). Some states are omitted where BLS did not publish a reliable estimate.
School Counselor vs. Teacher Salary
| Position | Average Salary | Master’s Required? |
|---|---|---|
| Teacher | $66,000 | No (in most states) |
| School Counselor | $64,330 | Yes (all states) |
School counselors require more education but often earn slightly less than teachers.
Path to Becoming a School Counselor
| Stage | Duration | Cost/Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bachelor’s degree | 4 years | Any field (psychology, education common) |
| Master’s in School Counseling | 2-3 years | $30,000-$80,000 |
| Supervised practicum | Included | 600+ hours required |
| State certification | Varies | Testing, application |
| Total | 6-7 years |
Note: Some states require teaching experience; most do not.
School Counselor Salary by Experience
| Experience | Average Salary |
|---|---|
| Entry Level (0-3 years) | $50,000 |
| Early Career (3-7 years) | $57,000 |
| Mid-Career (7-15 years) | $65,000 |
| Experienced (15+ years) | $72,000 |
| Max Step (peak) | $80,000-$95,000 |
Salaries follow district salary schedules similar to teachers.
School Counselor Work Schedule
| Factor | Typical |
|---|---|
| Contract days | 180-200 |
| Hours per day | 7-8 |
| Summers | Off (usually) |
| Caseload | 250-500 students |
| Recommended caseload | 250 max (rarely achieved) |
The American School Counselor Association recommends 250:1 ratios, but many counselors serve 400-500+ students.
School Counselor vs. Other Counseling Careers
| Career | Average Salary | Setting | Degree |
|---|---|---|---|
| School Counselor | $64,330 | K-12 schools | Master’s |
| Mental Health Counselor | $53,000 | Clinics, private | Master’s |
| Marriage/Family Therapist | $58,000 | Private practice | Master’s |
| Psychologist | $106,000 | Various | Doctorate |
| Social Worker | $58,000 | Various | Master’s |
School Counselor Salary After Taxes
| Gross Salary | Federal Income Tax | Social Security + Medicare | Take-Home Before State Tax | Monthly |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $50,000 | $3,820 | $3,825 | $42,355 | $3,530 |
| $71,430 | $6,885 | $5,464 | $59,081 | $4,923 |
| $80,000 | $8,770 | $6,120 | $65,110 | $5,426 |
2026 federal income tax for a single filer taking the standard deduction ($16,100), plus Social Security and Medicare. Not included: state and local income tax, retirement contributions and other pre-tax deductions. For your own situation, use the take-home pay calculator.
School Counselor Benefits
| Benefit | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Health insurance | $12,000-$20,000/year |
| Pension | 10-15% of salary |
| Summers off | Significant lifestyle value |
| School holidays | 2-3 weeks winter, 1 week spring |
| Tuition assistance | Often available |
| Loan forgiveness | PSLF eligible |
Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)
School counselors are eligible for PSLF:
- 10 years of payments (120 payments)
- Work full-time in public school
- Remaining federal loan balance forgiven
- Can save $30,000-$100,000+
School Counselor Job Outlook
| Factor | Assessment |
|---|---|
| Job growth (2025-2035) | 2.9% |
| Mental health focus | Increasing demand |
| Shortages | Many states understaffed |
| Competition | Moderate |
Mental health awareness is driving increased hiring of school counselors.
Career Advancement Options
| Path | Salary Range |
|---|---|
| Lead/Head Counselor | $70,000-$85,000 |
| Counseling Coordinator (district) | $85,000-$110,000 |
| Student Services Director | $95,000-$130,000 |
| Assistant Principal | $80,000-$95,000 |
| Principal | $100,000-$150,000 |
Some counselors transition to administration; others move into district-level roles.
Private School Counselors
| Factor | Private School | Public School |
|---|---|---|
| Average salary | $55,000 | $62,000 |
| Benefits | Variable | Strong |
| Caseload | Often smaller | Often larger |
| Job security | Less | More (tenure) |
Private schools typically pay less but may offer smaller caseloads.
Tips for Maximizing School Counselor Salary
- Move to higher-paying states — high-paying states such as California, New York and New Jersey pay considerably more (see the state table)
- Target wealthy districts — Property taxes fund schools
- Pursue doctorate — Some districts pay Ed.D. bonus
- National certification (NBPTS) — $2,000-$5,000 bonus in many states
- Summer school — Additional contract days available
- PSLF — Loan forgiveness adds effective income
Related Articles
- How Much Do Teachers Make?
- How Much Do School Principals Make?
- How Much Do Psychologists Make?
Data sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, American School Counselor Association, Education Week. Updated March 2026.
Related Salary Guides
- School Principal salary
- Special Education Teacher salary
- Professor salary
- Teachers Pay Teachers Seller salary
See every profession in our salary by profession guides.
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2024.” bls.gov/oes
- Social Security Administration. “Benefits and Eligibility Information.” ssa.gov/benefits
Common questions
What is the average school counselor salary?
The average school counselor salary in the US is $62,000 per year. High school counselors typically earn more ($65,000) than elementary ($58,000).
Do school counselors make good money?
School counselors earn similar to teachers ($62,000 vs. $66,000) but work on a similar school-year calendar with summers off. Top states pay over $85,000.
What degree do you need to be a school counselor?
A master’s degree in school counseling is required in all states, plus state certification/licensure. Most programs are 2 years with practicum.
Teacher Assistant Salary 2026: Pay by State, Setting & Experience
Teacher assistants — also called paraprofessionals, classroom aides, or instructional aides — support licensed teachers in classrooms across the country. It’s an entry point into education and a full career path for those who specialize in special education support.
Pay at a Glance (BLS Data)
Bureau of Labor Statistics wage estimates for teaching assistants, except postsecondary, across all industries:
| Percentile | Annual Wage | Hourly Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| 10th (entry level) | $27,150 | $13.05 |
| 25th | $31,060 | $14.93 |
| 50th (median) | $36,780 | $17.68 |
| 75th | $45,360 | $21.81 |
| 90th | $50,040 | $24.06 |
| Average (mean) | $38,290 | $18.41 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, for Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary (all industries). Hourly figures are annual wages divided by 2,080 hours. “Not published” means BLS withheld the estimate, usually because wages are above its top reporting limit.
Teacher Assistant Salary Overview
The BLS reports a 2024 median annual wage of $33,050 for teacher assistants, or $15.87 per hour.
| Percentile | Annual Salary | Hourly Rate |
|---|---|---|
| 10th percentile | $22,500 | $10.82 |
| 25th percentile | $27,000 | $12.98 |
| Median (50th) | $33,050 | $15.87 |
| 75th percentile | $40,500 | $19.47 |
| 90th percentile | $50,000 | $24.04 |
Teacher Assistant Salary by State
| Rank | State | Avg Salary | Starting Salary | Median Salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Washington | $50,650 | $37,870 | $49,120 |
| 2 | District of Columbia | $47,690 | $38,370 | $46,920 |
| 3 | California | $47,300 | $37,240 | $46,490 |
| 4 | Maine | $45,790 | $36,210 | $46,750 |
| 5 | Massachusetts | $42,970 | $31,200 | $39,380 |
| 6 | Maryland | $42,630 | $31,200 | $37,060 |
| 7 | Vermont | $42,040 | $29,140 | $43,800 |
| 8 | Minnesota | $41,890 | $31,420 | $40,100 |
| 9 | New York | $41,720 | $32,240 | $38,240 |
| 10 | Oregon | $41,550 | $30,300 | $39,850 |
| 11 | Connecticut | $41,130 | $34,010 | $38,110 |
| 12 | Virginia | $40,960 | $28,220 | $38,520 |
| 13 | Delaware | $40,350 | $31,200 | $37,830 |
| 14 | New Jersey | $40,280 | $32,220 | $37,290 |
| 15 | New Hampshire | $40,140 | $28,920 | $38,440 |
| 16 | Hawaii | $39,570 | $30,130 | $36,810 |
| 17 | Alaska | $39,010 | $27,440 | $37,190 |
| 18 | Illinois | $38,950 | $31,200 | $36,990 |
| 19 | North Dakota | $38,830 | $29,130 | $38,240 |
| 20 | Rhode Island | $38,400 | $31,200 | $37,220 |
| 21 | Wisconsin | $38,280 | $29,060 | $37,800 |
| 22 | Colorado | $38,100 | $30,800 | $35,760 |
| 23 | Utah | $37,680 | $27,730 | $37,050 |
| 24 | Missouri | $37,090 | $28,600 | $36,300 |
| 25 | Arizona | $36,760 | $30,960 | $35,900 |
| 26 | New Mexico | $36,610 | $27,050 | $35,900 |
| 27 | Idaho | $36,330 | $23,980 | $35,560 |
| 28 | Ohio | $36,030 | $26,810 | $35,920 |
| 29 | Wyoming | $35,410 | $27,840 | $36,100 |
| 30 | Michigan | $35,280 | $27,550 | $35,110 |
| 31 | Nebraska | $35,030 | $28,080 | $35,160 |
| 32 | Montana | $34,820 | $23,950 | $34,750 |
| 33 | Nevada | $34,780 | $27,880 | $31,900 |
| 34 | Florida | $34,420 | $28,490 | $34,430 |
| 35 | Pennsylvania | $34,360 | $23,380 | $34,740 |
| 36 | Indiana | $33,980 | $23,970 | $33,300 |
| 37 | Kentucky | $33,510 | $23,980 | $30,160 |
| 38 | North Carolina | $31,890 | $25,110 | $29,790 |
| 39 | West Virginia | $31,560 | $27,400 | $29,800 |
| 40 | Texas | $31,390 | $22,480 | $29,850 |
| 41 | Arkansas | $31,380 | $23,670 | $28,790 |
| 42 | Iowa | $31,160 | $22,400 | $30,510 |
| 43 | Tennessee | $30,660 | $22,010 | $29,210 |
| 44 | Kansas | $30,460 | $21,800 | $29,490 |
| 45 | Georgia | $30,150 | $21,190 | $28,770 |
| 46 | South Carolina | $30,150 | $21,910 | $27,860 |
| 47 | South Dakota | $29,520 | $24,800 | $28,220 |
| 48 | Louisiana | $28,690 | $20,680 | $27,400 |
| 49 | Oklahoma | $28,150 | $17,940 | $27,920 |
| 50 | Alabama | $26,090 | $21,440 | $24,070 |
| 51 | Mississippi | $25,830 | $18,830 | $25,840 |
| — | National | $38,290 | $27,150 | $36,780 |
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, 2025 estimates, fetched 2026-09-29. Figures cover Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary (cross-industry). Some states are omitted where BLS did not publish a reliable estimate.
Teacher Assistant Salary by School Setting
| School Setting | Median Annual Salary | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Public Elementary School | $33,000 | Most common placement |
| Public Secondary School | $34,000 | |
| Special Education (Public) | $36,000 | IDEA paraprofessional premium |
| Private School | $28,000 | Typically lower than public; may lack union |
| Charter School | $30,000 | Varies widely by management organization |
| Head Start / Early Childhood | $29,000 | Federal program, varies by grantee |
How to Increase Earning Potential as a Teacher Assistant
- Pursue a teaching license: Most states allow paraprofessionals with enough college credits and experience to enter alternative certification pathways. Licensed teachers earn $50,000–$75,000+.
- Specialize in special education: Special education paraprofessionals and 1-on-1 aides for students with complex needs often earn at the higher end of the TA pay scale.
- Join a union: In districts with NEA or AFT representation, paraprofessional contracts set minimum wages above non-union counterparts.
- Earn an associate or bachelor’s degree: NCLB and IDEA require paraprofessionals in Title I schools to have at least 2 years of college, an associate degree, or pass a state/local assessment.
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Common questions
How much do teacher assistants make?
Teacher assistants earn a median of approximately $33,000 per year ($15.87/hour). In states with strong public school funding and union representation, experienced paraprofessionals can earn $38,000–$52,000.
Do teacher assistants get benefits?
Most full-time teacher assistants at public schools receive health insurance, paid time off, and often a pension through the state teacher retirement system. Part-time aides may receive limited or no benefits.
What is the difference between a teacher assistant and a paraprofessional?
The terms are often used interchangeably. ‘Paraprofessional’ is the more formal term used in federal education law (IDEA) and typically refers to staff supporting special education or Title I programs. Teacher assistant is a broader term that includes general classroom aides.
Can you make a career out of being a teacher assistant?
Many teacher assistants use the role as a stepping stone to becoming a licensed teacher. Some paraprofessionals make it a career, especially in special education settings. Earnings growth is limited without obtaining a teaching license.
Which states pay teacher assistants the most?
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2025), the highest average pay for teaching assistants, except postsecondary is in Washington ($50,650), District of Columbia ($47,690), California ($47,300). The lowest among states with published data is Mississippi ($25,830). Cost of living varies widely, so a higher salary doesn’t always go further.
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See every profession in our salary by profession guides.
Sources
- Bureau of Labor Statistics. “May 2025 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics — Elementary School Teachers.” bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm
- National Education Association. “Rankings of the States 2025 and Estimates of School Statistics.” nea.org/resource-library/rankings-states-2025
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