What are the UK income tax rates?

For 2025/26: 0% on the Personal Allowance (up to £12,570), 20% Basic Rate (£12,571–£50,270), 40% Higher Rate (£50,271–£125,140), and 45% Additional Rate (over £125,140). Scotland has its own bands.

Do I need to file a tax return in the UK?

Most employees on PAYE don't need to file. You must file a Self Assessment return if you're self-employed, earn over £150,000, have untaxed income over £2,500, or need to claim certain allowances.

How much is National Insurance?

Employees pay 8% on earnings between £12,570 and £50,270, plus 2% above that (2025/26 rates). Employers pay 13.8% on all earnings above £9,100. Self-employed pay a flat rate plus 6% on profits.

What is the inheritance tax threshold?

The nil-rate band is £325,000 per person. An additional £175,000 residence nil-rate band applies if you leave your home to direct descendants. Married couples can effectively pass on up to £1 million tax-free.

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Taxes – Income Tax, Capital Gains & Tax Guides (UK)

Taxes – Income Tax, Capital Gains & Tax Guides (UK)

Updated March 2026

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