What are the UK income tax rates?

For 2025/26: 0% on the Personal Allowance (up to £12,570), 20% Basic Rate (£12,571–£50,270), 40% Higher Rate (£50,271–£125,140), and 45% Additional Rate (over £125,140). Scotland has its own bands.

Do I need to file a tax return in the UK?

Most employees on PAYE don't need to file. You must file a Self Assessment return if you're self-employed, earn over £150,000, have untaxed income over £2,500, or need to claim certain allowances.

How much is National Insurance?

Employees pay 8% on earnings between £12,570 and £50,270, plus 2% above that (2025/26 rates). Employers pay 13.8% on all earnings above £9,100. Self-employed pay a flat rate plus 6% on profits.

What is the inheritance tax threshold?

The nil-rate band is £325,000 per person. An additional £175,000 residence nil-rate band applies if you leave your home to direct descendants. Married couples can effectively pass on up to £1 million tax-free.

Taxes – Income Tax, Capital Gains & Tax Guides (UK)

Understand your UK tax obligations, from income tax and National Insurance to capital gains and inheritance tax. Our calculators and guides make it simple.

Tax Calculators

Income Tax Calculator

Calculate your take-home pay after income tax and National Insurance.

Tax Rates & Guides

Income Tax Bands

Current UK (and Scottish) income tax rates and thresholds.

National Insurance Guide

NI classes, rates, and how contributions affect your State Pension.

Capital Gains Tax Guide

CGT rates, annual exempt amount, and how to calculate your liability.

Dividend Tax Guide

Dividend allowance, tax rates, and how dividends are taxed in the UK.

Inheritance Tax Guide

Thresholds, rates, exemptions, and strategies to reduce your IHT bill.

Council Tax Guide

How council tax bands work, discounts, exemptions & how to appeal.

Written by WealthVieu

WealthVieu researches and writes data-driven personal finance guides using primary sources including the IRS, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Federal Reserve, and Census Bureau.

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