Average Income by Race and Ethnicity (2025 Data)

In 2025, the median household income was $59,980 for Black households and $73,260 for Hispanic households, compared with $96,710 for White non-Hispanic households and $126,300 for Asian households, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Black households’ median was about 62% of the White non-Hispanic median, and the Hispanic median was about 76%. The wealth gap is far wider than the income gap: the Federal Reserve’s 2025 Survey of Consumer Finances puts median White non-Hispanic family net worth at about nine times the Black non-Hispanic figure.

Median Household Income by Race

The figures below come from the Census Bureau report “Income in the United States: 2025,” based on the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Household income counts the money income of everyone in the household. Use the income percentile calculator to see where a specific income ranks.

Census lists Hispanic households as “any race,” so the Hispanic row overlaps with the race rows. Between 2024 and 2025, median income rose 2.9% for non-Hispanic White households and 4.8% for Black households. Census found no significant change for Asian or Hispanic households. The 2025 figures above do not list American Indian and Alaska Native households. In the 2024 data (2024 dollars), the median for households with an American Indian and Alaska Native householder alone was $59,050, with a margin of error of about $5,800, so treat it as a rough figure.

Income Trends Over Time

The table below uses Census’s historical series from “Income in the United States: 2024,” with every figure in 2024 dollars so the years are comparable. It is a separate edition with a different dollar base from the 2025 table above, so don’t compare dollar amounts across the two tables.

In 1970 the Census series listed $37,430 for Black households and $61,490 for White households (the 1970 White figure is not split by Hispanic origin), about 61%. The White non-Hispanic series starts in 1980. Black households’ share of the White non-Hispanic median rose from 57% in 1980 to 65% in 2000, fell back to 59% in 2010, and was 61% in 2024. The Hispanic share moved from 72% in 1980 to 77% in 2024. Census provides footnotes on how the race categories changed over the years, so compare the series with care.

Wealth Gap vs. Income Gap

Net worth is what a family owns minus what it owes. The Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances measures it by the race or ethnicity of the survey respondent. These figures are for the 2025 survey, in 2025 dollars, from the Fed’s historic tables based on public data (Table 4). The Fed’s tables do not show Asian families as a separate group, so the Asian row is a wealthvieu calculation from the Fed’s public SCF data.

From the table, median wealth for White non-Hispanic families in 2025 was 9.1 times that for Black non-Hispanic families and 4.2 times that for Hispanic or Latino families. The Fed’s own report says the White to Black ratio is the largest since 2016. Black non-Hispanic families’ median net worth fell 25% between the 2022 and 2025 surveys, while the Hispanic median rose 18% (our calculation from the Fed’s public tables). By comparison, the 2025 Census median household income for White non-Hispanic households was about 1.6 times the Black median, so the wealth gap is much wider than the income gap. The two surveys measure different things (households and income versus families and net worth), so the comparison is a rough guide.

Poverty Rates by Race

Poverty rates show the lower end of the income distribution. The official measure compares a person’s pretax money income with a poverty threshold that varies by family size and composition. These are 2025 rates from the Census Bureau’s “Poverty in the United States: 2025.”

Black people were about 2.3 times as likely as White non-Hispanic people to be in poverty in 2025, and Hispanic people about 1.9 times. The rate for Asian people (7.7%) was close to the White non-Hispanic rate (7.5%).

How to Read These Numbers

• Households, not individuals. The Census medians describe households, not individual workers. For individual earnings, see average income by education and average income by age.
• Group labels matter. Census reports White non-Hispanic and Hispanic (any race) as separate lines, and its historical race categories carry footnotes.
• Surveys have margins of error. The Census and Fed figures are survey estimates, and small groups carry wider margins of error.

For broader benchmarks, see average income in the US, gender pay gap, wealth by race, and economic mobility by state.

Written by WealthVieu

WealthVieu researches and writes data-driven personal finance guides using primary sources including the IRS, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Federal Reserve, and Census Bureau.